Wrench.



M. E. ORANDALL.

WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29, 1912.

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Patented May 13, 1913.

E. CRANDALL, 0F FAIRFAX, OKLAHOMA.

WRENCH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 13, 1 913.

Application filed March 29, 1912. Serial No. 687,209.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, MAX E. CRANDALL, citizen of the United States, residing at Fairfax, in the county of Osage and State of Oklahoma have invented certain new and useful Improvements in \Vrenches, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to wrenches, and more particularly to ratchet wrenches of the clutched-head type.

One aim of the invention is to provide a wrench of this type particularly well adapted for use where there is but little room in which to work, the head of the wrench being so mounted upon the handle that it will only be necessary to disengage the head from the nut being tightened or loosened after each second movement of the handle.

A further aim of the invention is to provide a reversible wrench of this type, novel means being provided for holding the pawl with one or the other of its teeth in engagement with the ratchet portion of the head, and, incidentally the invention aims to so mount the pawl that the use of a finger-key or button for reversing the same is rendered unnecessary.

The invention still further aims to provide such a wrench so constructed that the head thereof may be readily removed and a head of a different type or having a smaller or larger nut-receiving socket substituted, the pivot for supporting the head for rotation being capable of ready removal without the use of tools, although firmly held in place while the wrench is in use.

Another aim of the invention is to so form the ratchet teeth of the nut engaging head as to reduce wear to the minimum and at the same time provide for ready returning movement of the handle about the pivot for the head.

Still further the invention aims to provide a wrench of the clutched-head ratchet type in which the headcarrying end of the handle is so offset that the nut engaging portion of the head may rest directly against a flat surface against which the nut to be tightened or loosened bears, while the .grip portion of the handle will be spaced from such surface to permit of its being firmly gripped by the user of the wrench.

Another feature of the invention resides in locating the nut-receiving socket of the head laterally beyond a line passing through the cent to the nut.

The invention further aims to provide a wrench the handle of which carries a novel cotter-pin spreading and withdrawing device and to so arrange this device upon the handle that it will not interfere with the use of the wrench. As concerns this cotter-pin spreading and withdrawing device the invention contemplates pivotally mounting the same upon the handle so that its withdrawing member will be housed within the handle of the wrench when its cotter-pin spreading member is in position projecting beyond the handle and for use, and vice versa.

The invention further contemplates the provision of means for holding the cotterpin withdrawing device at adjustment, which means will be located entirely within the handle and will consequently not interfere with the proper gripping of the handle.

Further the invention contcmplatesthe formation of the cottcr-pin withdrawing member in such manner that it may be used in removing insulationfrom electric wires. Also the cotter-pin spreading member is so constructed that it may be used as a screwdriver.

For a full understanding of the invention reference is to be had to the following description and accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view through the wrench. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 3--3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4. is a detail sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a view in side elevation of a slightly modified form of head for the wrench. Fig. (3 is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating the manner in which the cotter-pin withdrawing member may be reversed.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the following description and indicated in all the views of the accompanying drawing by the same reference characters.

In the accompanying drawing the handle of the wrench is indicated by the numeral 1, and is preferably of the same width throughout its entire length. At one end the handle is provided with an integral cheek-piece 2, the outer side of which is flush with that side face of the handle adjacent which it is located. The handle at its opposite side is formed with an offset 3. and beyond the offset with a cheek-piece 4 spaced from and parallel to the cheekpiece 2. The cheek-piece 2 is formed with an opening '6 in axial alinement with the opening 5. The outer face of this latter cheek-piece 6 is further formed with a depression 7 surrounding the opening 6 and the outer face of-the cheek-piece 2 is formed with a recess 8 having its wall set in, as at 9.

As before stated, the wrench is of the clutched-head type and the head of the wrench is fitted, as will be presently explained, between the cheek-pieces and supported by a pivot pin indicated by the numeral 10, this pin fitting loosely through an opening in the said head and fitted at its ends in the openings 5 and 6. The pin 10 is of the same diameter throughout except adjacent to one end where it is formed with a circumscribing groove 11 and when the pin is in place the groove 11 will be presented at the point of communication of the recess 8 with the opening 5 it being obvio-us from inspection of Fig. 4 of the drawing that the wall .of the opening is interrupted by'the said recess 8. The other end. of the pin 10 projects into the depression 7 in the cheek-piece 4, although flush with the outer faceof the said cheek-piece. In order to hold the pin '10 in place there is provided a spring 12 which is preferably formed of wire and is bent upon the arc of a circle .and has its ends bent inwardly as at '13 so as to form rounded terminal portions 14. This spring is inserted into the recess 9 when assembling the parts of the wrench and is held against accidental displacement by the overhanging portions vof the wall of the recess formed by setting in the said wall. The rounded terminal portions 14 of the spring project into the groove 11 in the pin 10 .and serve to hold the said pin in place, as stated. hen it is desired to remove the pin for the purpose of removing one :head and inserting another head, it is only necessary to bear against that end of the pin which projects into the depression 7, thereby compressing or contracting the spring 12 and allowing the pin to be withdrawn. The depression 7 is provided in the cheek-piece 4 in order that the pin may be more readily removed.

One of "the heads employed in connection with the wrench .is illustrated .as consisting of a substantially semi -circular vflat side body portion 15 formed upon its periphery with ratchet teeth 16 which have their outer the said portion 15 and formed with a nutreceiving socket 18. It will be observed that the pivot pin 10 extends axially through the body 15 of the head so that the said head may rotate between the cheekpieces 4 and vice versa, and the handle on' the wrench may pivot about said pin.

The pawl which cooperates with the ratchet head of the wrench comprises a body 19 pivoted at 20 between the cheekpieces 2 and 4 adjacent to the offset 3. This body is formed at each side with a tooth 21, and by rocking the body upon its pivot 20, either one or the other of these teeth may be brought into engagement with the toothed periphery of the head 15. That side of the body 19 which is presented toward the offset 3 is formed with a stud 22 and a coil spring 23 is fitted at one end to the said stud and at its other end seats in a socket 24 formed in the offset 3. The socket 24 is located in ,alinement with the pivot '20 on the longitudinal anedian line of the handle 1 and by referring to Fig. 2 of the drawing it will be readily understood that when the pawl is rocked so as to engage one or the other of its teeth 21 with the teeth 16 of the head 15, the spring will be thrown at an angle to the longitudinal median line of the handle andthe pawl will beheld yieldably in such position. Also, from inspection of 'Fig. 2 of the drawings it will be observed that the ends of the pawl 19 project slightly beyond the lateral edges of the cheek-pieces 2 and 4 between which the pawl vis mounted, and by reason of this fact, the pawl maybe readily rocked by pressing with the finger against one end, or the other thereof. It will also be apparent that by reversing the pawl the positive engagement of the same with the teeth '16 will serve to rotate the head 15 in one direction or the other upon oscillation of the handle 1.

It will be noted that a wrench constructed as heretofore described possesses the advantage that it is possible to completely rotate the head 15 by swinging the handle of the wrench twice through an arcor 180.

lVhile only one of the heads 15 has been here illustrated, it will be readily understood that a numberof such heads are'providedin, connection with each handle and that the sockets '18 of'the several heads vary in width and depth so that nuts of different size may beengaged when turned by the wrench. in any event, however, the socket is offset'laterally with respect .to a line drawn through the pivot for the head and extending parallel to the side walls of the socket.

As before stated there is provided incom nection with the wrench a cotter-pin spreading and Withdrawing device and the same will now be described.

The handle 1 is reduced in width at its end opposite the end at which the head is located and is formed with a slot 25 which extends from its said reduced end, longitudinally in the direction of the head-carrying end and the inner end of this slot is directed at an angle to the main portion as indicated at 26. The reduced end of the handle is flattened to form spaced ears 27 which are preferably substantially circular and are formed with transversely alined openings 28. The cotter-pin spreading and withdrawing device consists of a flat sided head 29 which is formed axially with an opening 30 and this head is fitted between the ears 27 and a pivot pin 31 is engaged through the openings 28 and 30 and serves to pivotally mount the said head 29 between the cars. A [lat sided finger 82 is formed integral with and projects from the periphery of the head 29 and this finger is preferably tapered at its extremity as at 33, so that it may be readily inserted between the arms of a cotter-pin for the purpose of spreading the same. A finger 34 is formed integral with and projects from the periphery of the head 29 at a point diametrically opposite the point of junction of the finger 32 with the said head and this finger has its extremity bent to form a hook 355 which may be engaged with the eye of the cotter-pin for the purpose of withdrawing the same from the spindle, or the like, through which it is secured. By referring to the drawing, it will be observed that the head 29 may be turned upon its pivot 31 so as to position the finger 3-1 within the slot 25 and with its hooked end 35 engaging in the portion 26 of the slot, or it may be so turned as to position the finger 32 within the slot 25 and have the finger 34 project from the end of the handle as does the finger 32 when the head 29 is in the first mentioned position. The head 29 is formed.

in one side with depressions 36 which are located in axial alinement with the fingers 32 and 34 and the pivot opening 30 and these depressions are equi-distantly spaced from the said opening 30. The handle 1 is formed with an opening 37 into which is fitted a small ball 38 and a spring 39 Which bears at one end against this ball and at its other end against a plug 40 which closes the outer end of the said opening 37. As stated, the spring 89 bears against the hall. and in this manner serves to hold the latter against that face of the head 29 in which the depressions 36 are formed. When the head has been rotated to position with one or the other of the fingers 32 or 34 projecting beyond the end of the handle, the ball 38 will be forced into one or the other of the depressions 36 and the head will be held at adjustment. The

finger 34: is preferably sharpened to a cutting edge at one side as indicated at it so that it may be employed in removing insulation from electric wiring.

In Fig. 4 of the drawings there is illustrated another form of head which may be employed in connection with the wrench handle, this head being indicated by the numeral 4-1 and being formed with peripheral teeth 42 corresponding to the teeth 16. The head is formed with jaws a3 and 4-4.- which are similar in form to the jaws of an alligator wrench, the inner edge of the jaw 44. being formed with teeth 45 and the corresponding edge of the body 43 being preferably plane.

: laving thus described the invention what is claimed as new is:

1. In a wrench, a handle having spaced cheek-pieces, a head, the cheek-pieces being formed with alined o 'ienings and the head being formed with an opening registering with the said openings in the cheek-pieces, a pivot pin removably fitted through the openings in the cheek-pieces and the pin at one end formed with a groove, the said cheek-piece having a recess in its outer face, a spring arranged within the recess and engaging in the groove in the pin, the head having a peripheral ratchet portion and a nutaeceiving socket, and a pawl cooperating with the ratchet portion of the head.

2. In a wrench, a handle having spaced cheek-pieces formed with alined openings, a nut engaging head arranged between the cheek-pieees and formed with an opening registering with the first mentioned openings, one of the cheek-pieces being formed with a recess located beside the opening therein, a pivot-pin inserted through the openings in the cheek-pieces and in the head and formed with a groove located near one end thereof, a spring locking member seated in the recess and having a portion projecting into the groove whereby to removably hold the pin in place, the head having a peripheral ratchet portion, and a pawl carried by the handle and cooperating with the said ratchet portion of the head.

3. In a wrench, a handle having spaced cheek-pieces, a head fitted between the cheekpieces, the said cheek-pieces and the head having registering openings, one of the cheek-pieces being formed with a depression surrounding the opening therein, a pivot-pin removably titted through the said registering openings and having one end projecting into the depression, means upon the other cheek-piece engaging with the other end of the pivot pin and normally holding the pin against displacement, and a pawl cooperating with the said head, the head being provided with a nut-receiving socket.

a. In a wrench, a handle having spaced cheek-pieces, a head rotatably fitted between the cheek-pieces, the said head and cheekpieces being formed with registering openings, one of the cheek-pieces being formed with a depression surrounding the opening therein and the other cheek-piece being formed adjacent to its opening with a recess, a pivot pin removably fitted through the registering openings in the cheek-pieces and head and having one end projecting into the depression and its other end formed with a circumscribing groove, a spring seated in the recess and projecting into the groove in the pivot pin, the head having a ratchet portion, and a pawl carried by the handle and cooperating with the ratchet portion of the head.

5. In a wrench, a handle provided with spaced cheek-pieces, a head fitted between the cheekpieces, the said cheek-pieces and the head being formed with registering openings, a pivot pin inserted through the registering openings in the cheek-pieces and the head and formed at one end with a circumscribing groove, one of the cheek-pieces being head having a peripheral ratchet portion, and a pawl carried by the handle and 60- I operating with the said ratchet portion of the head.

6. In a tool of theclassdescribed, a handle formed with a slot, a head rotatably mounted between the walls of the slot, a finger projecting from one side of the head and arranged when the head is rotated in one direction to'be housed within-the slot, a finger also arranged to be housed within the slot when the head is rotated into another position and projecting from the said head at a point diametrically opposite the point of juncture of the first mentioned finger therewith and having a hookedend, and means arranged to hold the head in one position or the other.

In testimony whereof I aflix mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

MAX E. CRANDALL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Paie'nts, Washington, D. G. 

